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Objective@#To introduce a new surgical procedure for the treatment of neck benign tumors by endoscopic techniques.@*Methods@#Seventeen patients with neck benign tumor underwent surgery by endoscope through a concealed incision in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2018 to August 2019 were analyzed, which included 3 cases of tumor in the submental area, 2 cases in submandibular region, 9 cases in lower pole region of parotid gland, 1 case in superior region of sternocleidomastoid muscle, 1 case in central region of sternocleidomastoid muscle, 1 case in inferior region of sternocleidomastoid muscle. All patients underwent routine preoperative examination and CT examination to evaluate tumor size, boundary, morphology and nature. According to the area where the tumor located, concealed incisions in different sites were designed. Lumps in the submental area and submandibular area were treated with oral vestibular sulcus incision. Benign tumors located in the lower pole region of parotid gland and the sternocleidomastoid muscle region were treated with approach of the short hidden postauricular incision. During the operation, the self-developed "maxillofacial suspension device" was used to provide the operating space. The tumors were completely removed with endoscope and all patients were followed up every 3 months.@*Results@#All surgical procedures were performed as expected. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was 9.3 on average at 3 months after operation, all the patients were satisfied with the incision design and the cosmetic effect. No recurrences were found in patients with a follow-up period ranged from 1-15 months.@*Conclusions@#These studies have shown that endoscope-assisted neck benign tumor resection is a surgical procedure with covert incision and good cosmetic results.
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Objective@#To summarize the preliminary experience of endoscope -assisted resection of superficial parotid gland benign tumors, and to discuss the indications, advantages and disadvantages of the operation.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 18 patients who underwent extracapsular resection of superficial parotid gland benign tumor in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from March 2018 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical methods were introduced. The indications, long axis length of tumor, incision design, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage and drainage time, aesthetic satisfaction, postoperative complications and follow-up time were counted.@*Results@#All procedures were completed as expected. The length of the long axis of the tumor was (2.3±0.6) cm, the incision in the tragus around the earlobe was short and concealed, the incision length was (5.1±1.3) cm, the operation duration was (2.0±0.4) h, intraoperative blood loss was (168.9±18.8) ml, postoperative drainage was (29.5±11.7) ml, drainage time was (3.6±0.5) d, 2 cases of temporary facial paralysis or earlobe numbness, three months after the operation, the results of the visual analogue scale of the incision design and the aesthetic effect were (9.6±0.1).@*Conclusions@#Endoscope-assisted resection of superficial parotid gland benign tumor by inner tragus around earlobe approach is applicable and reliable, can reduce complications, shorten surgical incision to obtain satisfactory aesthetic effect, which is worth further expansion and improvement.
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Objective@#This study aims to evaluate the prevention effect and cost-effectiveness of a prophylactic bivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine.@*Methods@#A multiple health status dynamic model was developed, including natural history of diseases and prevention strategies. We built 19 prevention strategies including visual inspection with acetic acid/lugol's iodine (VIA/VILI) and/or 3 does prophylactic bivalent HPV vaccine administered to adolescent girls at the age of 15 years old every year under the assumption that vaccine coverage and screening coverage were 70%. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), optimal price of 3 does vaccine and cost-effectiveness frontier of these strategies were analyzed compared with no-intervention. The ICER threshold is 152 087 CNY.@*Results@#Compared with no-intervention, Routine vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 69.5%, superior to 5 strategies including VIA/VILI screening only. The range of effect was between 9.0% and 69.2%, and the effect of strategy increased significantly with the increase of screening frequency. Combination vaccination with screening at ages of 35 reduced the incidence of cervical cancer by 72.0%, and the effect increased with the increase of screening frequency. Combination vaccination with screening every 3 years between (35-64) years old reduced the incidence by 89.4%. Compared with no-intervention, the ICER of combination vaccination with screening twice between 35 years and 64 years was 121 292 CNY/life-year, which was cost-effective. The price of vaccine had a significant impact on the ICER of the strategy; when the vaccine price was less than 600 CNY, only routine vaccination or supplementary vaccination between 16-39 years old after routine vaccination was cost-effective; when the vaccine price was less than 1 200 CNY, supplementary vaccination between 16-19 years old plus VIA/VILI was cost-effective.@*Conclusion@#Ther prevention strategy was cost-effective, which could effectively reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by implementation of HPV vaccination combined with VIA/VILI in suitable aging females.
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Cervical carcinoma has brought huge burden on patients, especially in developing countries. Preventive vaccines could effectively reduce the incidence of cervical carcinoma. The high prices were one of the most difficult problem in introducing the vaccine in developing countries, so the cost-effectiveness and health financing of the vaccines should be carefully studied before incorporated into the national immunization program. Thus, researchers used mathematical models to predict the effects of HPV vaccines and to study the cost- effectiveness. In order to understand the current situation on the cost-effectiveness of HPV vaccines in the developing countries, a systematic searching of literature from PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, CNKI and Wangfang Data was performed, this study aims to conduct a systematic review from aspects of project source, first author, research areas, research perspectives, prevention strategies, vaccine characteristics, cost-effectiveness.
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Female , Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Developing Countries , Immunization Programs , Incidence , Models, Theoretical , Papillomavirus Infections , Economics , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Economics , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , EconomicsABSTRACT
[Objective]This paper, extraction of neijing, the difficult sphygmology in two classics of ideas, together with new work in today's pulse field, forms a set of relevant clinical practice, with the effective pulse diagnosis thought.[Methods] In this paper, track through three parts to il ustrate, extract the sphygmology in the two classical ideas, one is in neijing with two different sphygmology systems-three nine-hou pulse methods and the single pulse method and detailed analysis of both the scope and specific link; The second is the analysis of the doctor's classification of pulse in classic and detailed work, skid, extract the information from pulse condition normal y in three dimensions;Three is to expand the research of pulse, and combine with modern micro pulse, with integrated positioning.[Results]Combing the pulse in the classic thoughts, the overview of the level of pulse, expand the pulse of modern research.[Conclusion] By tracing back, on the basis of the traditional inheritance and innovation of pulse, the integrated use of a variety of methods, respec-tively from the physical, mental, physical, personality and psychological experience, always analysis in patients with multiple dimensions, real y from the shape,godlevel analysis and judging the overal condition of a person, wil be in the role of the four diagnosis highlighting and benefiting future gener-ations of pulse, in order to provide help for sphygmology lovers.
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Huang yuanyu imperial theory is the core theory of circle, has had a huge impact on later age, he thought the gas is a part of qi in the human body, the gas of the upper abdomen spleen and stomach is the main in the human person and plays a decisive role in the process. In the middle burner, the middle qi is produced, which makes circulation, and changes to wood, fire, liquid and gold, known as thefour states;Four states, with mutual transforma-tion, change, suddenly a circular formation, cal ed the circle, in the circle, the viscera, spirit, Qi, blood, five flavors and sensations are converted, al are from the Qi circulation and change;only with ful middle Qi, harmonious and smooth 4 kinds of Qi, wil the human body have orderly Qi circulation and be healthy. On treatment, pay attention to advocating Yang and Yin suppression, medication dexterity and curative effect, therefore, it is necessary to carry out the clinical research to highlight the scholars of traditional Chinese medicine.
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ObjectiveTo study the effect of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) transplantation into traumatic brain injury(TBI) rats by the external carotid artery on neurological function and learning and memory.MethodsTen adult SD rats were randomly divided into TBI group ( n =5 ) and BMSC transplantation group ( n=5).Feeney free falling method was used to establish TBI models.The experimental rats were administrated with BMSC via external carotid artery (ECA),while TBI rats were injected with sterile liquid medium of equal volume via right ECA.Neurological function were evaluated according to the modified neurological severity score (NSS) at 1,3,7,15 days.Morris water maze test was used to observe the animal capabilities of place navigation and space exploration at 15 days,then animals were sacrificed.Survival and migration of implanted BMSC in brains under fluorescence microscope. ResultAfter traumatic brain,varying degrees convulsions,paralysis,loss of balance function in rats were found.Compared with TBI group,BMSC transplantation decreased significantly NSS (P ＜0.01 ).BMSC transplantation significantly decreased on escape latency ( ( 20.48 ± 2.29 ) s ) than the TBI group ( ( 85.93 ± 47.48 ) s) (P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover,BMSC group in the target quadrant dwell time ( ( 28.62 ± 1.72) ％ )and distance ( (29.05 ± 3.08 )％ ) as well as the number of passing the platform (8.00 ± 2.45 ) were significantly higher than the TBI group ( ( 19.37 ± 2.81 ) ％,(21.78 ± 3.06) ％,(2.00 ± 1.87) respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).Transplanted BMSC could survive and migrate around injury brain through Hochest mark immunofluorescence.ConclusionBMSC can survive and migrate around injury brain by transplantation of external carotid artery,which results in a significant neurological function improvement and learning and memory increase in rats with traumatic brain injury.
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BACKGROUND: Although previous studies have indicated that transplantation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) has enhanced axonal regeneration and improved motor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury. However, it is still unclear how transplanted MSCs promoted axonal regeneration and the relationship of transplanted cells and regenerated axons.OBJECTIVE: By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, this study sought to elucidate the mechanism of promoting axonal sprouting following transplantation of MSCs into a completely transected spinal cord.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The in vivo cytology randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy of National University of Singapore from March 2006 to June 2007.MATERIALS: MSCs were isolated and purified from a Wistar neonatal rat. Model of completely transected spinal cord injury was established by transection at T_(10) segment with asepsis technique using 36 clean adult female Wistar rats.METHODS: MSCs were subcultured and purified. Thirty-six adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into transplanted and control groups, with 18 animals in each group. Following 9 days of completely transected spinal cord injury, rats in the transplanted group were injected with MSCs (1×10~(11)/L), 5 μL in the defect region and 2.5 μL in 1 mm upper and lower the defect region. Rats in the control group were infused with an equal volume of DMEM, at the speed of 1 μL/min.MAIN OUTCOME MESSURES: Survival and differentiation of transplanted MSCs; Regeneration of axon and survival of host-derived nestin-, NF200-, GFAP-, and CNP-positive cells in control and transplanted groups; Relationship of regenerated axon and CNP-positive cells RESULTS: Two weeks after transplantation, a large number of CFDA-SE labeled MSCs were detected in the lesion site. Survival transplanted cell number was decreased over time. Abundant 0×42-positive phagocytes/activated microglia and cavity might affect the survival of transplanted cells. The number of MSCs was decreased, but MSC transplantation could promote axonal regeneration in the lesion site, and enhance the survival of host-derived nestin-, NF200-, GFAP-, and CNP-positive cells in lesion site, and host-derived CNP-positive cells and Schwann cells provided structural support to regenerated axons and promote their remyelination in spinal cord injury.CONCLUSION: Transplantation of MSCs enhances survival of host-derived CNP- positive cells and Schwann cells, and which may provide structural support to regenerated axons and promote their remyelination in spinal cord injury.
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Objective To discuss the effect of growth hormone(GH) on acute gastric mucosal lesion(AGML) in rats.Methods 120 Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly: blank control group(n=8),simple model group(n=32),model+rhGH group(n=40) and model+cimetidine group(n=40).Animal models of AGML were set up through soak and tie of rats.GH was injected to the rats in experimental groups,while cimetidine was used in the positive control group.Morphologic changes of rat gastric mucosa in each group were observed and compared on different days(0,4,8,12 d) after stress through gross looking,light microscope,and electron microscope.Ulcer index(UI),secretion amount of gastric acid,pH value and gastric mucosal were compared.Results Compared with blank control and model+cimetidine groups,the histomorphologic changes of gastric mucosa were obviously alleviated in model+rhGH group: only part of epithelial cells swelled,red blood cells were seldom seen,neutrophils infiltration reduced obviously,no remarkable changes were observed in the submucosal tissue.Mucosal cells were in good state and degeneration were seen in only a few cells under the electronic microscope.In addition,UI and the degree of gastric mucosal atrophy in model+rhGH group were lower than that in control group significantly(P
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Most literature consider that the application of decompressive craniotomy with severe brain injury is a great significance,especially in the treatment of refractory in intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injuries to better effect,But its surgical indications and efficacy remains controversial.A review of recent literature at home and abroad,focusing on the surgical indications,surgical methods,timing,effects and complications of decompressive craniectomy for craniocerebral trauma
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The present study aims to isolate neural stem cells from neonatal rat hippocampus and induce them to differentiate into cholinergic neurons. A multipotent cell line derived from the hippocampi of neonatal rats which had the ability to form clones was incubated in serum-free DMEM/F12 medium added with 20ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and B27. After differentiation of the neural stem cells, immunocytochemistry was used to detect nestin, the antigen of the cell clone, and β-tubulin (Tuj 1 ), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and galactocerebroside (Galc), the markers specific for neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, respectively. Embryonic chick skeletal muscle extract was used to induce the differentiation of the neural stem cells into cholinergic neurons. The results showed that the cell line isolated from the hippocampi of neonatal rats expressed nestin and had the potential to form clones and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Embryonic chick skeletal muscle extract can induce 9.6% of the isolated cell line to differentiate into cholinergic neurons compared with 3.9% in controls. These findings suggested that the cell line, which expressed nestin antigen, was a multipotent cell line capable of self-renewing, and was believed to contain stem cells of the CNS. These neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into cholinergic neurons by using embryonic chick skeletal muscle extract.
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Objective To observe the pulmonary X-ray changes of malignant malaria.Methods The chest routine X-ray examination in 86 cases with malaria in company with respiratory tract symptoms such as fever was performed,the pulmonary changes were obsenved.Results Of 86 cases, 58 cases were abnormal on chest filmes,including lung framework marked in 33 cases,miliary,small or large patchy shadow in 24 cases and multiple round opaque mass lesion in one case.Conclusion The pulmonary X-ray changes of malignant malaria are varied,the common characteristic is that most of them are situated at middle and lower portion of the lungs.This may attribute to blood dynamic abnormality resulting from malaria protozoan and the pathological changes of involved tissues.